Accurate PhotoVoltaic (PV) power generation forecasting is vital for the efficient operation of Smart Grids. The automated design of such accurate forecasting models for individual PV plants includes two challenges: First, information about the PV mounting configuration (i.e. inclination and azimuth angles) is often missing. Second, for new PV plants, the amount of historical data available to train a forecasting model is limited (cold-start problem). We address these two challenges by proposing a new method for day-ahead PV power generation forecasts called AutoPV. AutoPV is a weighted ensemble of forecasting models that represent different PV mounting configurations. This representation is achieved by pre-training each forecasting model on a separate PV plant and by scaling the model's output with the peak power rating of the corresponding PV plant. To tackle the cold-start problem, we initially weight each forecasting model in the ensemble equally. To tackle the problem of missing information about the PV mounting configuration, we use new data that become available during operation to adapt the ensemble weights to minimize the forecasting error. AutoPV is advantageous as the unknown PV mounting configuration is implicitly reflected in the ensemble weights, and only the PV plant's peak power rating is required to re-scale the ensemble's output. AutoPV also allows to represent PV plants with panels distributed on different roofs with varying alignments, as these mounting configurations can be reflected proportionally in the weighting. Additionally, the required computing memory is decoupled when scaling AutoPV to hundreds of PV plants, which is beneficial in Smart Grids with limited computing capabilities. For a real-world data set with 11 PV plants, the accuracy of AutoPV is comparable to a model trained on two years of data and outperforms an incrementally trained model.

热界面材料（TIM）广泛用于电子包装中。增加功率密度和有限的组装空间对热管理提出了很高的需求。大型冷却表面需要有效覆盖。加入散热器时，先前分配的蒂姆（Tim）在冷却表面上扩散。关于分配模式的建议仅针对简单的表面几何形状，例如矩形。对于更复杂的几何形状，将计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟与手动实验结合使用。尽管CFD模拟具有很高的精度，但它们涉及模拟专家，并且设置相当昂贵。我们提出了一种轻巧的启发式，以模拟蒂姆的传播行为。我们通过对该模型的数据训练人工神经网络（ANN）进一步加快计算。这提供了快速的计算时间，并提供了进一步提供梯度信息。该ANN不仅可以用来帮助TIM的手动模式设计，而且还可以实现自动模式优化。我们将这种方法与最先进的方法进行比较，并使用实际产品样本进行验证。

最近在计算机愿景领域的研究强烈侧重于深度学习架构来解决图像处理问题。由于传统的计算机视觉方法由于复杂的关系而昂贵，因此，由于传统的计算机视觉方法昂贵，因此在复杂的图像处理方案中经常被认为是昂贵的。但是，共同批判是需要大的注释数据集来确定强大的参数。通过人体专家注释图像是耗时的，繁重，昂贵。因此，需要支持以简化注释，提高用户效率和注释质量。在本文中，我们提出了一种通用的工作流程来帮助注释过程并讨论抽象水平的方法。因此，我们审查了专注于有前途的样本，图像预处理，预标记，标签检查或注释后处理的可能性。此外，我们通过嵌套在混合触摸屏/笔记本电脑设备中的开发灵活和可扩展的软件原型来提出提案的实施。

深度神经网络能够解决许多具有较少工程努力和更好的性能的复杂任务。但是，这些网络通常使用数据进行培训和评估，而无需调查其表示，即〜使用数据的形式。在本文中，我们通过能量时间序列预测分析了数据表示对深神经网络性能的影响。基于示例性数据表示的概述，我们选择四个示例性数据表示，并使用两个不同的深神经网络架构和真实的能量时间序列上的三个预测视野进行评估。结果表明，根据预测地平线，相同的数据表示可以对深神经网络的准确性产生正面或负面影响。

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become commonplace to solve routine everyday tasks. Because of the exponential growth in medical imaging data volume and complexity, the workload on radiologists is steadily increasing. We project that the gap between the number of imaging exams and the number of expert radiologist readers required to cover this increase will continue to expand, consequently introducing a demand for AI-based tools that improve the efficiency with which radiologists can comfortably interpret these exams. AI has been shown to improve efficiency in medical-image generation, processing, and interpretation, and a variety of such AI models have been developed across research labs worldwide. However, very few of these, if any, find their way into routine clinical use, a discrepancy that reflects the divide between AI research and successful AI translation. To address the barrier to clinical deployment, we have formed MONAI Consortium, an open-source community which is building standards for AI deployment in healthcare institutions, and developing tools and infrastructure to facilitate their implementation. This report represents several years of weekly discussions and hands-on problem solving experience by groups of industry experts and clinicians in the MONAI Consortium. We identify barriers between AI-model development in research labs and subsequent clinical deployment and propose solutions. Our report provides guidance on processes which take an imaging AI model from development to clinical implementation in a healthcare institution. We discuss various AI integration points in a clinical Radiology workflow. We also present a taxonomy of Radiology AI use-cases. Through this report, we intend to educate the stakeholders in healthcare and AI (AI researchers, radiologists, imaging informaticists, and regulators) about cross-disciplinary challenges and possible solutions.

This study introduces and examines the potential of an AI system to generate health awareness messages. The topic of folic acid, a vitamin that is critical during pregnancy, served as a test case. Using prompt engineering, we generated messages that could be used to raise awareness and compared them to retweeted human-generated messages via computational and human evaluation methods. The system was easy to use and prolific, and computational analyses revealed that the AI-generated messages were on par with human-generated ones in terms of sentiment, reading ease, and semantic content. Also, the human evaluation study showed that AI-generated messages ranked higher in message quality and clarity. We discuss the theoretical, practical, and ethical implications of these results.

Recently, RNN-Transducers have achieved remarkable results on various automatic speech recognition tasks. However, lattice-free sequence discriminative training methods, which obtain superior performance in hybrid modes, are rarely investigated in RNN-Transducers. In this work, we propose three lattice-free training objectives, namely lattice-free maximum mutual information, lattice-free segment-level minimum Bayes risk, and lattice-free minimum Bayes risk, which are used for the final posterior output of the phoneme-based neural transducer with a limited context dependency. Compared to criteria using N-best lists, lattice-free methods eliminate the decoding step for hypotheses generation during training, which leads to more efficient training. Experimental results show that lattice-free methods gain up to 6.5% relative improvement in word error rate compared to a sequence-level cross-entropy trained model. Compared to the N-best-list based minimum Bayes risk objectives, lattice-free methods gain 40% - 70% relative training time speedup with a small degradation in performance.

ASR can be improved by multi-task learning (MTL) with domain enhancing or domain adversarial training, which are two opposite objectives with the aim to increase/decrease domain variance towards domain-aware/agnostic ASR, respectively. In this work, we study how to best apply these two opposite objectives with speaker labels to improve conformer-based ASR. We also propose a novel adaptive gradient reversal layer for stable and effective adversarial training without tuning effort. Detailed analysis and experimental verification are conducted to show the optimal positions in the ASR neural network (NN) to apply speaker enhancing and adversarial training. We also explore their combination for further improvement, achieving the same performance as i-vectors plus adversarial training. Our best speaker-based MTL achieves 7\% relative improvement on the Switchboard Hub5'00 set. We also investigate the effect of such speaker-based MTL w.r.t. cleaner dataset and weaker ASR NN.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is having a tremendous impact across most areas of science. Applications of AI in healthcare have the potential to improve our ability to detect, diagnose, prognose, and intervene on human disease. For AI models to be used clinically, they need to be made safe, reproducible and robust, and the underlying software framework must be aware of the particularities (e.g. geometry, physiology, physics) of medical data being processed. This work introduces MONAI, a freely available, community-supported, and consortium-led PyTorch-based framework for deep learning in healthcare. MONAI extends PyTorch to support medical data, with a particular focus on imaging, and provide purpose-specific AI model architectures, transformations and utilities that streamline the development and deployment of medical AI models. MONAI follows best practices for software-development, providing an easy-to-use, robust, well-documented, and well-tested software framework. MONAI preserves the simple, additive, and compositional approach of its underlying PyTorch libraries. MONAI is being used by and receiving contributions from research, clinical and industrial teams from around the world, who are pursuing applications spanning nearly every aspect of healthcare.

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has been established as a well-performing technique for many scenarios where lots of labeled data is available. Additionally, unsupervised representation learning recently helped to tackle tasks with limited data. Following this, hardware limitations and applications give rise to the question how to efficiently take advantage of large pretrained models and reduce their complexity for downstream tasks. In this work, we study a challenging low resource conversational telephony speech corpus from the medical domain in Vietnamese and German. We show the benefits of using unsupervised techniques beyond simple fine-tuning of large pre-trained models, discuss how to adapt them to a practical telephony task including bandwidth transfer and investigate different data conditions for pre-training and fine-tuning. We outperform the project baselines by 22% relative using pretraining techniques. Further gains of 29% can be achieved by refinements of architecture and training and 6% by adding 0.8 h of in-domain adaptation data.